1 101 X A major river network flowing parallel to the Indus in the 3rd millennium, the Saraswati later dried up. Its fertile plains supported the highest concentration of farming settlements in the whole Indus civilization.
#Saraswati river
2 101 X The Punjab region was sparsely occupied. It is presumed that its inhabitants were mainly pastoralists who moved with the seasons and whose camps have left no archaeological trace.
#Punjab
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#The Indo-Iranian Borderlands and the Early indus Period IW
4 101 X An Early Indus settlement inhabited by 4th millennium BC pioneers whose artefacts show they came from the Indo-Iranian borderlands.
#Amri
5 102 A An Early Indus settlement replaced around 2500 BC by a typical planned Indus town. A massive wall protecting the town against flooding shows the ability of the early settlers to adapt to the difficulties of their environment. The remarkable discovery here of a ploughed field is dramatic evidence of farming.
#Kalibangan, map of town / ploughed field
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#Mohenjio Daro CM
7 102 B One of the major settlements of the Indo-Iranian borderlands, Mundigak developed into a town with monumental structures at about the same time as the Indus civilization was emerging. Among these was a palace with a colonnade lined with pillars.
#Mundigak, Allchin
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#Mehrgarh CM
9 103 F Around 2600 BC, many Indus settlements were replaced by new, planned towns which included a raised citadel area with public buildings. The people who lived there led a civilized existence, free from the intercity warfare that characterized contemporary Sumer, with which they traded. Agriculture and craft production flourished. But by 1800 BC, the Indus civilization was in decline.
# Indus civilization
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#The iternal organization of the Indus Civilization IW
13 103 D A small settlement that was particularly involved in shell working using locally fished marine mollusc shells.
#Balakot, frame from the bead and bangle making
14 103 E A minor Indus town, Chanhu Daro nevertheless contained many specialist industrial enterprises, including a bead and seal making factory.
#Chanhu Daro, frame from the bead and bangle making
15 101 X This fishing village provides a rare glimpse of the life of the pre-farming inhabitants of the Indus valley. It continued into Indus times, showing something of the diversity of life in the Indus civilization.
#Jalilpur
16 101 X This is a town that may be larger than Mohenjo Daro, but whose secrets have yet to be revealed by excavation.
